GRIZ

This is the primary purpose of a flash surpressor on a military firearm. Most military designs since the 60s also have a compensator function. It is also a common misconception of those who write "assault weapon" laws. You are never going to surpress muzzle flash enough to hide the muzzle flash from whoever you might be shooting at. You can significantly reduce the flash to help the shooter keep their night vision. I've shot quite a few firearms under dim light conditions. Here are some of my observations. I have a "Tanker" Garand in 7.62 NATO. It throws a huge fireball. I can imagine what it would be like if it were 30-06 with more powder. The muzzle flash was one of the reasons the "Tanker" was never adopted. There was a rather long T37 5 prong surpressor made for the M1 Garand. It never became a general issue item. You can't get a bayonet on a Garand with the T37 on it. It also added several inches on what was already a full size rifle. It was used on sniper versions of the Garand. An AR with nothing on the muzzle throws a decent fireball. The 3 prong breaks this this down to 3 smaller flashes. The birdcage produces 5 even smaller, less intense flashes. The 5 prong was adopted because it did the job better. I never saw the "weedcatcher" as much of a problem. Another, not officially publicized, reason for getting rid of the 3 prong is it was often used as a wirecutter. Infantrymen do not like to carry excess weight. They don't have a lot of use for wirecutters. The 3 prong was used to cut the wire holding together a case of C Rations on a regular basis. This could result in the surpressor loosening up over time. It would loosen to the point of falling off. BTW, if you're looking for minimal muzzle flash in a 9mm (handgun or carbine) use 147 gr or WW Silvertip 115 gr. Yes, I know Silvertip has a bad rap from the Miami FBI shootout. It did what it was designed to do. Rapid expansion to.minimize penetration. It penetrates 11 inches in ballistic gel. That's how i guess the FBI came up with 12" as the Silvertip stopped 1" from the bad guy's heart. That's better than what a lot of people carry for SD. JMO

Ditto

To reiterate what I said before. A couple of weeks ago @Zeke and @Mrs.Zekewent to the range. We were there about 3 hours and shot maybe 300 rds between us. Mrs Zeke got her Aimpoint zeroed (with a hard to beat group I need to add!!!), Zeke and Mrs Zeke got to try some different guns, doing quite well. I got to check the iron sights on a rfile at 300 yards. A lot was done with those 300 rds.

IMO a 9mm carbine doesn't need a flash surpressor or muzzle brake. 16 in barrel pretty much completes powder burning so little muzzle flash. 9mm recoil in a gun that weighs almost 7 pounds is really minimal. It's your gun. Do what you want. JMO.

Yes but if you read the entire article you linked Feinstein back pedaled in her statement on her line of questioning. The backlash the Democrats received over their attacks on her during her prior confirmation hearings makes one doubt they'll try this again. Democrats are not stupid, it's just so much they know is wrong (apologies to Ronald Reagan).

Barrett's 2A views are pretty much unknown. She hasn't been involved in any 2A cases. She passed her confirmation hearings with even the Democrats voting for her. It would be suicide for any nominee to say anything but, "My personal feelings have nothing to do with my decisions. My decisions are based on the case I'm hearing, the law, and the COTUS. Barrett's good points IMO: 1. No one can complain she doesn't understand women's issues. 2. She is a devout Catholic. They touched on this during her prior confirmation hearing IIRC. The Democrats aren't that stupid they would try to attack a nominee's religion to disqualify her. 3. She's a little bit younger (46) which should give her at least 30 years on SCOTUS. This can be good or this can be bad. It's sometimes hard to determine how someone would be once they get to SCOTUS. Sandra Day O'Connor was appointed by Reagan. Her track record showed her to be rather conservative. When she got to SCOTUS she became a swing vote on many issues.

The system I described is what's outlined in the COTUS. All branches of government enjoy certain immunities. It has to be this way because who would take any job in any branch of government if they were held personally liable for any decision they made? Should we have charged everyone involved in the internment of Japanese Americans during WW2 from the top down to the soldiers that guarded them? There was zero incidents of sabotage or espionage among them. That was one of the most blatant unconstitutional actions ever done by the government. The only compensation the Nisei got for that was an apology and $20,000 over 45 years later. They also got credit for retirement if they were a Federal employee for "time served". SCOTUS changes their mind too. In Plessy vs Ferguson SCOTUS ruled equal but separate was okay. That stood as law of the land for almost 60 years until SCOTUS reversed that decision with Brown vs Board of Education. The system is imperfect but it is what it is. Can anyone think of a better one?

You might be able to charge them but I don't know about getting them convicted. I had this discussion in another thread. Now some laws may blatantly be unconstitutional. Like "you can't own any guns". Higher courts have ruled "reasonable restrictions" by states are permitted. Hmm...so what's a "reasonable restriction"? What's an unreasonable restriction? Courts determine that and courts play no part in the lawmaking process. So the bill has to be passed and signed by the chief executive to become a law before it can go to a court to decide if it's unconstitutional or an "unreasonabe restriction". It has to be a law before it can be declared (as someone else said) "officially unconstitutional". You can't prosecute someone for voting for a law that winds up to be unconstitutional.

@Smokin .50 you can't use a view camera like a 35mm and really can't compare using one to a digital camera. You can't use a B52 to dogfight and you can't use a F16 to carry 30 tons of bombs. A big advantage to digital cameras is action photography. You used to have to spend a lot of money for a motor drive that in many cases cost about as much as the camera. That would give you 6-8 frames a second at best. Digitals have it built in and easily give you that 6-8 frames a second and more in some cases.

I remember seeing an interview Ed Weston. When asked what he felt his most important tool was he said "my eye".

@Oleg I generally agree with what you say. However, b&w silver gelatin photos have been around for about 150 years. Many have survived stored under less than ideal conditions. We won't be around to see if digital prints really last 100 years. IIRC I read an article somewhere that Ilford is developing silver digital printing. Digital b&w prints lack the brilliance and depth silver prints have. Maybe Ilford is on to something. I do agree digital is the way to go for most applications.

Okay got that straight now. Thanx!!!

#1 NJ no longer requires a retired LEO to get a permit if they only carry concealed. They only require a retired LEO who open carries as part of their job to obtain a permit. The NJ requirement for a retired LEO who is a NJ resident to obtain a permit was pretty much bs. They could carry under LEOSA as long as they met the requirements. Federal law trumps state law all the time. #3 The law exempts retired LEOs "authorized to carry a firearm in the state" from the 10 rd limit and can carry up to 15rd magazines. Says nothing about having to be a resident. They can be covered under LEOSA. Not sure what you mean about officers residing in NJ but not sworn in NJ. Every state, county, and local LE agency I know of requires at least state residency. If you're talking about Federal LEOs they can ignore state law and are only subject to the policies of their agency. @High Exposure responded to this while I was typing. That's because he's at least 60 years younger than me and types faster. I figured I'd finish my post.

Only when it comes to printing. Printing from film, in a wet darkroom, is not only a science but an art. More so in black and white where you can do things like expand and contract the tonal range in the negative by altering developing times. No digital black and white print comes near the richness and depth and permanance of a silver print. Black and white requires the photographer to interpret the colors of the subject into black and white and shades of grey. I haven't done any weddings lately but for a while black and white wedding photography waa very fashionable. Doing weddings I was more a Henri Cartier Bresson and "captured moments" vs a Monte Zucker who set everything up. Both take skill. An auto focus SLR on the program mode is just as easy to use as a digital.

I don't think that will work. Ask me for more details and I'll tell you why.

You don't have to own or rent your residence, primary or secondary. Example? IANAL but I have straightened out a few lawyers in my time. Someone mentioned specific scenarios but that's what I'm going to use for an example. You live in a house owned by your parents or anyone else in Sussex County NJ or NY or DE or PA. You live there rent free (if your parents own it) or have a lease. You don't need a phony baloney lease if your parents own it. You dont need a lease in any case. That's where you live. Your drivers license is to that address, you vote there, pay your state income taxes there, have your car registered there etc, etc. However your parents have a house in Lavallete. They live there pretty much full time. You go there regularly. Not necessarily on Sunday and Monday for football. You have a bedroom there, keep your clothes, a toothbrush, and other personal items there. That is also your residence. Makes no difference that your parents let your sister's kid use your bedroom when you're not there. That is your second residence. Doesn't have to be for 180 days a years. It doesn't have to be any amount of days. It has to be where you regularly reside. As far as the concealed or open carry I see no problem with concealed carry on your parent's property in Lavallette. Although I believe in the right to open carry I don't think it's a good idea, even on your own property in NJ. It's only drawing attention where you are setting yourself up for uneeded scrutiny. Not quite the same thing but NJSP sent out a letter to all state certified LEO firearms instructors. It said if a retired LEO only carries concealed they don't need the state RPO permit if they qualify and meet the requirements of LEOSA. If they have a job requiring them to open carry they need the state RPO permit. In summary, if you stay there on a regular basis, keep clothes and other personal items there on a regular basis, it is a residence.

I based my response on the calendar which shows CA on the 14th of July. I really dont follow it. That may not be the normal schedule. I've been thinking of trying it as I have the "correct" era firearms to do so.

Yes the principles of optics are all the same. The problem is the quality of all optics is not. Neither is the durability. Drop or bang around a Leica and it can take it. That's what made it so popular with photojournalists and combat photographers. Argus C series falls into the barely acceptable range. They had good marketing though. One of the names they used for their lenses was "Geiss". Sounds a lot like "Zeiss". Kind of like buying a "Rollex" which has the lead (metal) ring inside to give it weight. A CLA on a C4 would cost more than the camera is worth. One can do it yourself if you know what you're doing. I have a little experience in camera repair. Adjusting focus on a fixed lens rangefinder is not that hard.; Argus or better yet inexpensive Canon and Yashica rangefinders like the Canonette or Lynx. A lot easier if you have access to a collimator. Like anything else. It's easy if you know how. A Kalart on a Speed Graphic is about the easiest. BTW, I wouldn't work on a Leica although I have with a Russian FED which is pretty much a copy.

@capt14k look for a Sigma, Tokins, or Tamron macro lens as @Malice4you said. They are much less expensive than Canon and produce excellent images. I've been using s manual focus Sigma for years. Many professionals use these aftermarket lenses. They are as good and sometimes even better than those from camera mamufacturers. A fixed focal length not more than 100 mm would fit your needs and be less expensive. Add an inexpensive ring flash (about $100) and you will do fine with the close ups you want to do. @Smokin .50 you're talking Voightlander, Kalart, and Leica. Much higher quality than the Argus. @302w are you interested in macro photography? If you are a SLR is the way to go.

If it's a C4 I think you should have shutter speeds of 1/25 and 1/50 too. I have a C4 among boxes and boxes of old cameras I have. I've actually used a C4 and it's predecessor, the C3. First, your focusing problem. While your rangefinder may be working properly the coupling to the lens may not be. IIRC your rangefinder is externally coupled to the lens. When the focusing dial is at infinity or the closest focusing distance is the gearing on the lens and dial agree? It might be able to repair it if it isn't working correctly if you do it yourself. A C4 in mint condition is worth maybe $50 at most. That's mint. Second, the lens on these cameras were not the greatest even if everything was working correctly. They produced images barely acceptable in most cases. They all show soft images in a 5x7. At wider apertures they were horrible. Good advice from @dajonga. If you know how to check the equipment out you can find a lot of bargains at garage sales, flea markets, and even Craig's List. I bought a mint Minolta SRT101 w/ a 50mm lens at a yard sale for $25. Found a Minolta XG7 with 28mm and 50mm Rokkor lens, a decent Vivitar zoom, manual electronic flash, and camera bag for $40 on Craig's List. If you find a Nikon FM or better yet a F the 50mm F2 is one of the sharpest lens ever made and one of the cheapest on the used market There is a certain mystique in using a rangefinder 35 mm and playing Alfred Eisenstadt or Henri Cartier Bresson. But a SLR is easier to use and much more versatile

Other variables are the exception not the rule. There are all kinds of exceptions. I said, "Being that NICS is requires everywhere I can't see why one can't buy a handgun in another state".

Reread my post. I never said a NICS was required for a 03. I said being they require NICS I can't see why anyone can't buy a handgun in any state. The conversation is pertinent as we are discussing what priveleges a 03 gives you. You were the one talking about a ftf sale out of state and having them fill out a NJ P2P. You can go with whatever interpretation of the law you want. I already said that. Do what you and out of state 03 agree to...within the law.

I'm not talking about buying with a FFL03. I'm talking about the majority of people who don't have one. Do what you want and the other 03 agrees with outside of NJ. Outside of NJ you are only subject to Federal and state laws of the state you're in. I don't think the "ONLY IN NJ" on the newer P2Ps was added as a stumbling block for 03s. The newer forms have been put for well over a year.

Buying a handgun in another state is a violation of Federal law. I'm not saying that it should be. Being that NICS is required everywhere I can't see why one can't buy a handgun in another state. No doubt someone from NJ bought a handgun in another state in a private sale with a NJ P2P. That's why it probably was added to the newer P2P.

Whatever they would or wouldn't do is pointless to argue as long as the permit says it's only for use in NJ.